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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | The language of a single tribe in eastern Europe, as recently as 3000 BC, is the ancestor of all modern Indo-European languages | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | The ass, until now roaming wild from northeast Africa to Mesopotamia, is domesticated in Egypt | |
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| c. 2800 BC |
| | | Byblos (modern Jbeil) evolves to become the most important seaport and city of Phoenicia | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | At Huaca Prieta, the earliest known farming community in South America, squash, gourds and chili are cultivated | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | Yarns of spun cotton survive at Mohenjo-daro, one of the two great cities of the Indus civilization | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | Some ninety royal servants, including soldiers, grooms and female musicians, are buried alive in the tomb of a royal couple at Ur | |
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| c. 2000 BC |
| | | The water buffalo, domesticated somewhere in southeast Asia, features on the seals of the Indus civilization | |
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| c. 2000 BC |
| | | The elephant is tamed in the Indus civilization | |
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| c. 2000 BC |
| | | The red jungle fowl is domesticated as poultry in southeast Asia | |
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| c. 1500 BC |
| | | The Jews adopt a long-established Egyptian ritual - the circumcision of boys | |
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